Images not appearing on browsers

Hi guys! My computer recently began to show these icons on Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Steam, etc.:


I have tried clearing my cache and removing Adblocker, but the problem persists.


Windows 7 Home Premium
Service Pack 1
Hewlett-Packard Company
Model: p6-2120
Processor: AMD A6-3620 APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics 2.20 GHz
64-bit Operating System


Looking for a solution to the problem,
Fred